THE SCIENTIFIC MAZE: DERMATOGLYPHICS

Abstract

Dermatoglyphics is defined as the scientific study of fingerprints on the surfaces of
palms, soles, fingers and toes. The term is derived from Greek word ‘derma’ means skin and
‘glyphics’ meaning curved. Cummins and Midlo first coined this term in 1926. Harold Cummins
is considered to be the father of dermatoglyphics.
The fingerprints are comprised of epidermal ridges, which are of two types, namely,
primary and secondary. These ridges are differentiated during the third and fourth month of fetal
life. The primary ridges are mainly responsible for the characteristic dermatoglyphics pattern.
Secondary ridges are present at regular intervals on the apex of primary ridges. They have
distinct patterns to them mainly: loops, arch and whorls.
Galton in 19th century stated that dermatoglyphics in every individual remains
unchanged throughout the lifetime. They are unique for each individual, varying even in
monozygotic twins. This uniqueness is thus considered as an important tool for the study of
genetics, genetic disorders and also in forensics, as they are the last to decompose after a
person dies. Its study has various uses in dentistry since a number of parameters can be
determined because of their uniqueness that can help in diagnosing various dental anomalies