Integrating 3D Printing into Digital Workflows for Reconstruction and Visualisation of Dental Evidence

Abstract

Three-dimensional technology is an emerging and valuable tool in forensic odontology. It allows for the creation of digital models and their conversion into physical models. 3D printing specifically provides advantages in the preservation, reconstruction, and visualisation of dental evidence for analysis, education, and courtroom presentation. This techno-byte provides an overview of major 3D printing techniques and their possible applications in forensic odontology. Based on published literature, various techniques, their working mechanisms, the materials utilised for printing, and their accuracy are discussed. A typical digital workflow is also outlined, beginning with data acquisition through 3D surface scanning or medical imaging modalities, followed by segmentation, model generation, slicing, and post-processing. Despite its potential, 3D printing in forensic odontology remains largely research-based. Further validation, standardisation, and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential for its routine use in forensic casework and disaster victim identification.