Beyond Orthodontics: Role of Cephalometric Indices in Forensic Odontology

Abstract

Forensic odontology plays a significant role in human identification, particularly in cases involving mass disasters, skeletal remains, and decomposed bodies. Cephalometry, used in orthodontics and craniofacial growth analysis, has increasingly gained attention in forensic investigations. Cephalometric indices derived from craniofacial radiographs provide quantitative data that aid in the determination of sex, ethnicity, and age. These measurements rely on stable anatomical landmarks of the craniofacial skeleton and remain relatively preserved even after postmortem changes. This narrative review summarizes the evidence on their applications, methods, and limitations.